Volumes

StorageOS volumes are a logical construct which represent a writeable volume and exhibit standard POSIX semantics. StorageOS presents volumes as mounts into containers via the Linux LIO subsystem.

Conceptually, StorageOS volumes have a frontend presentation, which is what the application sees, and a backend presentation, which is the actual on-disk format. Depending on the configuration, frontend and backend components may be on the same or different hosts.

Volumes are formatted using the linux standard ext4 filesystem by default. Kubernetes users may change the default filesystem type to ext2, ext3, ext4, or xfs by setting the fsType parameter in their StorageClass (see Supported Filesystems for more information). Different filesystems may be supported in the future.

StorageOS volumes are represented on disk in two parts. Actual volume data is written to blob files in /var/lib/storageos/data/dev[\d+]. Inside these directories, each StorageOS block device gets two blob files of the form vol.xxxxxx.y.blob, where x is the inode number for the device, and y is an index between 0 and 1. We provide two blob files in order to ensure that certain operations which require locking do not impede in-flight writes to the volume.

In systems which have multiple /var/lib/storageos/data/dev[\d+] directories, two blob files are created per block device. This allows us to load-balance writes across multiple devices. In cases where dev directories are added after a period of run time, later directories are favoured for writes until the data is distributed evenly across the blob files.

Metadata is kept in directories named /var/lib/storageos/data/db[\d+]. We maintain an index of all blocks written to the blob file inside the metadata store, including checksums. These checksums allow us to detect bitrot, and return errors on reads, rather than serve bad data. In future versions we may implement recovery from replicas for volumes with one or more replicas defined.

StorageOS metadata requires approximately 2.7GB of storage per 1TiB of allocated blocks in the associated volume. This size is consistent irrespective of data compression defined on the volume.

To ensure deterministic performance, individual StorageOS volumes must fit on a single node.

Minimum Volume Size

The minimum volume size StorageOS supports is 1 GiB.

TRIM

StorageOS volumes support TRIM/Unmap which allows the space allocated to deleted blocks to be reclaimed from the backend blob files that back each volume when a TRIM call is made. Support for TRIM is enabled by default for all uncompressed volumes, volumes are created without compression enabled by default. For more information on how to TRIM a filesystem see TRIM operations.

Volume Resize

StorageOS v2.1 supports offline resize of volumes. This means that a volume cannot be resized while it is in use. Furthermore, in order for a resize operation to take place the volume must not be attached to a node. This is to ensure that the volume is not in use.

This means that if a Kubernetes pod is currently consuming a volume that a resize request has been issued for, the resize will not be actioned until the pod is terminated and the volume is detached from the node. The StorageOS controlplane will then attach the volume to the node that holds the master deployment and resize the underlying block device and then run resize2fs to expand the filesystem.

For a walk through of how to resize a volume please see the Volume Resize operations page.

Volume Encryption

Volumes can be configured on creation to have encryption-at-rest. Data is encrypted with XTS-AES and decrypted upon use. Please see the Encryption reference page for more information.